This study unit overlooks the regions of the spine or vertebral column and the 33 bones forming it, called the vertebrae. Also, learn about the curvatures of the spine, the intervertebral discs, as well as joints and ligaments of the spine.
In this segment, we take a look into the anatomy of all superficial back muscles, their origin and insertion sites, also providing information about their functions, innervation, and blood supply.
In this chapter, review the anatomy and topography of the deep back muscles, their attachment sites and functions they provide, also learn about their blood supply and innervation.
This section provides an overview of the spinal cord, its external anatomical structure and segments.
This chapter gives a more detailed look at the vertebrae, distinguishing typical and atypical vertebrae, their anatomical landmarks, and the differences of vertebrae depending on the region of the spine.